柴油发电机组的工作原理

柴油发电机组是一种发电设备，以柴油等为燃料，以柴油机为原动机带动发电机发电的动力机械，主要包括三部分：柴油机、发电机和控制系统。

1柴油机的工作原理

柴油机的基本结构由燃烧室组件、动力传递组件、机体和主轴承、配气机构、供油系统和调速器、润滑系统、冷却系统、起动系统构成。柴油机必须经过进气、压缩、膨胀、排气四个热力过程即一个工作循环之后，才能恢复起始状态，使柴油机连续不断地产生机械功。目前，柴油发电机组配置的柴油机都是四冲程柴油机，即柴油机活塞走完四个冲程完成一个工作循环。

2发电机的工作原理

三相同步发电机的结构包括定子和转子两大部分，同步电机的定子又称电枢，包括机座、端盖、电枢铁芯、电枢绕组装置等部件。转子包括转子铁芯、转子（励磁）绕组、风扇、转轴等部件[3]。

同步发电机的主磁场由直流励磁产生，直流电流流经转子线圈，产生磁场。当转子由原动机带动旋转时，气隙中便形成一个转速为 n 的旋转磁场，电枢线圈的导体将不断地被磁力线所切割，产生感应电势，感应电势的有效值为 E。接通负载后，在电枢绕组中流过感应电流，这个交变电流也在发电机的气隙产生一个旋转磁场，这个磁场称为电枢磁场，或称为定子磁场。当主磁场由柴油机拖动旋转到一个新的位置时，电枢磁场也随之旋转到另一个位置。转子会带动电枢磁场以同一转速旋转，两者时间保持同步，故称为同步发电机。如果转子的极对数为 p，则感应电势的频率 f 为：f =pn/60。

由于定子三相绕组在空间的位置是对称的，彼此相差120°电角度，所以，定子绕组切割磁力线时，将产生对称的三相感应电势。感应电势的频率与同步发电机转速成正比，我国规定工频为 50 赫兹，因此，同步发电机的转速与磁极对数之间，严格遵守反比关系，即转速越高，极对数越少，

A diesel generator set is a type of power generation equipment that uses diesel as fuel and diesel engine as the prime mover to drive the generator to generate electricity. It mainly consists of three parts: diesel engine, generator, and control system.

Working principle of diesel engine

The basic structure of a diesel engine consists of combustion chamber components, power transmission components, body and main bearings, valve train, fuel supply system and governor, lubrication system, cooling system, and starting system. A diesel engine must go through four thermal processes, namely intake, compression, expansion, and exhaust, in one working cycle, before it can return to its initial state and continuously generate mechanical work. At present, the diesel engines equipped with diesel generator sets are all four stroke diesel engines, which means that the diesel engine piston completes one working cycle after completing four strokes.

Working principle of generator 2

The structure of a three-phase synchronous generator consists of two main parts: the stator and the rotor. The stator of a synchronous motor, also known as the armature, includes components such as the machine base, end cover, armature core, and armature winding device. The rotor includes components such as the rotor iron core, rotor (excitation) winding, fan, and shaft.

The main magnetic field of a synchronous generator is generated by direct current excitation, and the direct current flows through the rotor coil to generate a magnetic field. When the rotor is driven to rotate by the prime mover, a rotating magnetic field with a speed of n is formed in the air gap. The conductor of the armature coil will be continuously cut by the magnetic field lines, generating an induced potential with an effective value of E. After connecting the load, induced current flows through the armature winding, and this alternating current also generates a rotating magnetic field in the air gap of the generator, which is called the armature magnetic field or stator magnetic field. When the main magnetic field is rotated by the diesel engine to a new position, the armature magnetic field also rotates to another position. The rotor drives the armature magnetic field to rotate at the same speed, and the two remain synchronized in time, hence it is called a synchronous generator. If the number of pole pairs of the rotor is p, the frequency f of the induced potential is f=pn/60.

Due to the symmetrical position of the stator three-phase winding in space, with an electrical angle difference of 120 ° from each other, when the stator winding cuts the magnetic field lines, it will generate symmetrical three-phase induced potentials. The frequency of induced potential is directly proportional to the speed of the synchronous generator. In China, the power frequency is set at 50 Hz. Therefore, the speed of the synchronous generator strictly follows an inverse relationship with the number of pole pairs, that is, the higher the speed, the fewer the number of pole pairs,